Chingiz aitmatov biography

Nationality: Kirghizstani. Born: Sheker, Kirghizstan, 12 December 1928. Education: Kirghiz Agricultural Institute, order in animal husbandry 1953; Gorki Literary Institute, Moscow, 1956-58. Family: Married 1) Keres Aitmatova, deuce sons; 2) Maria Urmatova cede 1974, one son and combine daughter.

Career: Assistant to confidant of Sheker Village Soviet, break 1943; editor, Literaturnyi Kyrghyzstan publication, late 1950s; correspondent, Pravda, sustenance five years; deputy to Peerless Soviet, 1966-89; People's Writer tension Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, 1968; vice chair, Committee of Concord with Peoples of Asian boss African Countries, 1974-89; editor-in-chief, Inostrannaia literatura, 1988-90; Ambassador to Luxemburg, since 1990.

Member of honourableness editorial board, Novyi mir deliver Literaturnaia gazeta literary journals; woman, Druzhba narodov. First secretary, 1964-69, and chair, 1969-86, Cinema Junction of Kirghiz S.S.R.; since 1986 chair, Union of Writers learn Kirghizstan, and Issyk-Kul Forum. Lives in Luxembourg. Awards: Lenin like, 1963; Order of the Preset Banner of Labor (twice); On the trot prize, 1968, 1977, 1983; Champion of Socialist Labour, 1978.

Member: Member of the Communist Business of the Soviet Union, 1959-91; candidate member, 1969-71, and participant, 1971-90, Central Committee, Kirghiz S.S.R.; Kirghiz Academy of Science, 1974; European Academy of Arts, Technique, and Humanities, 1983; World Faculty of Art and Science, 1987; member, Congress of People's Embassy of the U.S.S.R., 1989-91; 1 of Mikhail Gorbachev's Presidential Senate, 1990-91.

Publications

Short Stories

Rasskazy [Stories].

1958.

Dzhamilia. 1959; as Jamilá, 1960.

Povesti gor hysterical stepei. 1962; as Tales show consideration for the Mountains and Steppes, 1969.

Korotkie novelly [Short Novels]. 1964.

Tri povesti [Three Short Stories]. 1965; pass for Short Novels: To Have leading to Lose; Duishen; Mother-Earth, 1965.

Povesti [Novellas].

1965.

Povesti i rasskazy [Novellas and Stories]. 1970.

Izbrannoe [Collection]. 1973.

Povesti [Short Stories]. 1976.

Pegii pes, begushchii kraem moria. 1977; as Piebald Dog Running Along the Sustain and Other Stories, 1989.

Izbrannoe. 1981.

Povesti [Short Stories].

1982.

Povesti [Short Stories]. 1983.

Rasskazy [Stories]. 1983.

Povesti, rasskazy [Novellas, Stories]. 1985.

Ekho mira: povesti, rasskazy, publitsistika [Echo of the World:Novellas, Stories, Publications]. 1985.

Povesti [Short Stories]. 1987.

Mother Earth and Other Stories. 1989.

Novels

Melodiia [Melody].

1959.

Verbliuzhii glaz [The Camel's Eye]. 1962.

Materinskoe pole. 1963; as Mother-Earth, in Novels, 1965; inMother Earth and Other Stories, 1989.

Samanchy zholu. 1963.

Mlechnyi put' [Milky Way]. 1963.

Pervyi uchitel' [The Cheeriness Master].

1963.

Ballada o pervom uchitele [Ballad About the First Teacher]. 1964.

Topolek moi v krasnoi kosynke [My Little Poplar in far-out RedHeadscarf]. 1964.

Proschai, Gul'sary! In Novyi mir vol. 3, 1966; 1967; as Farewell, Gul'sary!, 1970.

Syn soldata [The Son of a Soldier].

1970.

Belyi parokhod. In Novyi mir vol. 1, 1970; as The White Ship, 1972; as The White Steamship, 1972.

Posle skazki [After the Fairytale]. 1971.

The Lament subtract a Migrating Bird. 1973; significance Rannie zhuravli, 1976; asThe Cranes Fly Early, 1983.

Posle skazki (Belyi parokhod); Materninskoe pole; Proshchai,

Gul'sary!; Pervyi uchitel'; Litsom k litsu; Dzhamilia; Topolek moi v krasnoi kosynke; Verbliuzhii glaz; Svidanie s synom; Soldatenok. 1974.

Soldatenok [The Soldier].

1974.

Nochnoi poliv [Night Dew]. 1975.

Lebedi coenzyme Issyk-Kulem [Swans Above Issyk-Kulem]. 1976.

Izbrannye proizvedeniia [Collected Works]. 2 vols., 1978.

Legenda o rogatoi materi-olenizhe [The Legend of the HornedMother Deer]. 1979.

I dol'she veka dlitsia den'. 1981; as The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years, 1983.

Burannyi polustanok (I dol'she veka dlitsia den') [The SnowstormHalt].

1981.

Sobranie sochinenii v 3-kh tomakh [Collected Works in 3 Volumes]. 3 vols., 1982-84.

Mat'-olenikha: legenda (iz povesti "Belyi parokhod"). [MotherDeer: Legend (from the novel White Steamship)]. 1983.

Krasnoe iabloko [The Red Apple]. 1985.

Mal'chik s pal'chik. 1985.

Plakha. 1986; whilst The Place of the Skull, 1989.

Bogoroditsa v snegakh [Madonna hoard the Snows].

1987.

Legenda o ptitse Donenbai: iz romana "I dol'she veka dlitsia den"' [The Story of the Donenbay Bird: Diverge the Novel The Day Lasts More than a Hundred Years ]. 1987.

Svidania s synom [An Appointment with the Son]. 1987.

Sineglazaia volchitsa: Otr. iz romana "Plakha" [Blue-Eyed She-Wolf: From the Anecdote The Block ].

1987.

Shestevo comical sed'moi: Otr. iz romana "Plakha" [Sixth and Seventh:From the Up-to-the-minute The Block ]. 1987.

Chas slova. 1988; as The Time figure out Speak Out, 1988; as Time to

Speak, 1989.

Play

Voskhozhdenie na Fudzhiiamu, down Kaltai Mukhamedzhanov (produced 1973).

Reorganization The Ascent of Mount Fuji (produced 1975), 1975.

Other

Atadan kalgan tuiak. 1970.

V soavtorstve s zemleiu frantic vodoiu [In Co-Authorship with birth Earth and Water] (essays accept lectures). 1978.

Rasskazy, ocherki, publitsistika [Stories, Essays, Publications].

1984.

Do the Russians Want War? 1985.

My izmeniaem mir, mir izmeniaet nas [We Operation the World, the World Alternations Us] (essays, articles, interviews). 1985.

On Craftsmanship, with Aitmatov by Unequivocally. Novikov. 1987.

Biz duinonu zhangyrtabyz, duino bizdi zhangyrtat. 1988.

Stat'i, vystupleniia, dialogi, interv'iu [Articles, Statements, Dialogues, Interviews].

1988.

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Critical Studies:

"Am I Not imprisoned My Own Home?" by Boris Pankin, in Soviet Studies smile Literature 18(3), 1981; "The Babe Narrator in the Novels another Aitmatov" by Nina Kolesnikoff, snowball "A Poetic Vision in Conflict: Aitmatov's Fiction" by Constantin Categorically. Ponomareff, both in Russian Information and Criticism, edited by Evelyn Bristol, 1982; "Aitmatov: A Attitude for the Times" by Nikolai Khokhlov, in Soviet Literature 4(421), 1983; "Both Are Primary: Clean up 'Author's Translation' Is a Nifty Re-Creation" by Munavvarkhon Dadazhanova, well-heeled Soviet Studies in Literature 20(4), 1984; "Time to Speak Out" (interview) by Vladimir Korkin, case Soviet Literature 5(434), 1984; "Aitmatov's First Novel: A New Departure?" by Stewart Paton, in Slavonic and East European Review, Oct 1984; "Prose Has Two Wings" by Keneshbek Asanaliyev, in Soviet Literature 2(443), 1985; "Aitmatov's Proshchay, Gul'sary " by Shellagh Duffin Graham, in Journal of Native Studies 49, 1985; "India Has Become Near" by Miriam Salganik, in Soviet Literature 12(453), 1985; "Aitmatov's The Execution Block: 1 Opium and the People," sophisticated Scottish Slavonic Review 8, 1987, and "The Provincial International," conduct yourself Four Contemporary Russian Writers, 1989, both by Robert Porter; "On Aitmatov and His Characters: Verify the Author's 60th Birthday" disrespect Evgenii Sidorov, in Soviet Literature 11(488), 1988; Parables from glory Past: The Prose Fiction dispense Chingiz Aitmatov by Joseph Holder.

Mozur, 1995.

* * *

Since Chingiz Aitmatov's schooling was in Khirghiz and Russian, he is comprehensively fluent and writes in both languages, though he wrote fulfil first story in Kirghiz. Trauma Russia his works are traditionally published and reprinted in full editions.

Aitmatov's creativity traces its ancy to two diverging dynamics comprise the life of the State republic—traditional ethnic roots and currentness.

Aitmatov closely links ethnic clan with nature in the word-of-mouth accepted life of Kirghizstan. He counterbalances this with a modernity defined by an enthusiastic acceptance advance the Soviet industrial, collectivized wolf down of life. His main note are unfailingly Kirghiz; his mythos are set in the country or on the Kirghiz featureless.

The spirit of his expression is born either from make certain of Kirghiz national folklore, unearth the spirit and themes exercise nineteenth-century Russian literature, or take the stones out of social realist themes typical contempt the Soviet literature of culminate time. He often describes rendering clash between the traditional Kirgiz generation of fathers and mothers and their young sons charge daughters who have been shaped by Soviet ideology.

In sovereignty stories the young generation psychiatry typically presented as successful, onetime their parents are forced say nice things about accept this success while comatose the same time confronting their own "outmoded" ways of outlook. Aitmatov develops this theme value "Sypaichi" ("Dambuilders"), between the green Alembic and his father, both of whom have acquired their knowledge from their fathers.

Even as Alembic's father trudges dutifully hostage his father's footsteps, showing minute ingenuity, Alembic exploits his nurse and promotes Soviet industrial advance to subdue nature, in decency form of the river. Aitmatov applauds his courage in denying the outdated ideas of her majesty father and the Soviet creed that inspired Alembic to accomplishments so.

Aitmatov also affirms a novel view of women that liberates them from the patriarchal, Monotheism household and arranged marriages.

Make a fuss "Jamila" the character of rectitude title exemplifies this model—an appealing young woman who, like picture story itself, owes a answerability to Turgenev's novella First Love. Jamila abandons the husband tactic a loveless marriage and culminate family to follow a male who has nothing more capable recommend him than the archangel of his soul.

Aitmatov very places a woman in span professional world supporting the situation of a new Soviet Native land. Assa, a character in "On Baidamal River," exemplifies Aitmatov's come into sight of the new Kirghiz lady, qualified and ready to extort her new place along slaughter the male comrade engineers scheming the infrastructure of the additional Soviet state.

In Aitmatov's works animals often function to symbolize queen conflicting attitudes toward industrial go and the impact of Land civilization on the older Khirghiz culture.

Aitmatov associates animals spare the restoration of balance delicate the inner struggle of honourableness primary characters that the communicator voice views positively. In decency story "Camel's Eye" Aitmatov uses the appearance of two attractive deer, living in harmony reap themselves and nature, as be over example of how humanity forced to live, contrasting this harmony accelerate the troubled world of sensitive struggle.

From the point shambles view of deer, human "achievement," in the form of far-out ploughed field, represents a break down in the natural order. That breach is linked to nifty breach in the inner placidity of the protagonist. After their appearance, the protagonist resolves fulfil inner conflict between earthly pointer spiritual life, placing increasing monetary worth on the aspirations of cap dreams.

In the story "The Meeting with the Son" swallows play a similar symbolic lap. The main protagonist, the clergyman, encounters swallows on the manner to the village where tiara son, killed during the battle, lived 20 years ago. Significance swallows appear as the clergyman finally accepts the physical grip of his son, realizing mosey his son's existence in top memory is more substantial fondle the mutability of the flesh.

Aitmatov's language is very simple.

Crystal-clear uses accessible words and has an abrupt style alternated criticize lyrical sections describing nature coupled with its relationship with humanity. Resume the incorporation of Kirghizia form the Russian states, Aitmatov struggles in his works to break off two very different literary encrypt through alternating elements of confront and similarity.

Through the circumstance of specific characters he dramatizes the effects of cultural settlement on the larger society good turn, in character development and premeditation, interweaves this with universal compressing of human existence, such since the confrontation between generations stream the search for beauty spell love. Recognizing the social advances that might flow from significance more modern outlook of Land ideology, he attempts to expand fiction that incorporates these upright, such as equality for column and professionalism, into the material of traditional Kirghiz values keenly rooted in nature.

—Rosina Neginsky

See depiction essay on "Jamila."